Advancements in the generation of 3D geometric as-built data with laser scanner technologies and collecting various types of quality data regarding the project environment by using embedded advanced wireless sensors is an opportunity to explore projects comprehensively. Various researchers were adopting embedded sensing to assess conditional data of parts and elements of construction projects ( Alizadehsalehi and Yitmen, 2016). 3D point cloud data can only capture and measure the elements' surface, and they have lacks of reflecting the project's quality of built elements ( Golparvar-Fard et al., 2019). Notwithstanding the significant impact of laser scanning data in the automation of construction progress monitoring, their applications are not rich, as they are limited to providing data solely by surface recognition. 3D laser scanning, n-D BIM and object recognition framework (Scan-to-BIM) together offer a visually and detailed comprehensive assessment of the as-built state of construction projects within the project performance improvement context ( Bosché et al., 2015). Among these technologies, numerous scholars adopted a 3D laser scan and nominated it as the most reliable available technology to capture 3D data for construction projects due to its speed and high precision ( Perez-Perez et al., 2021).
Some of these technologies/tools are laser scanners, image-based systems, radio frequency identification (RFID), wireless sensors (WSs), Global Positioning Systems (GPS), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and ultra-wideband (UWB).
So far, researchers have studied several emerging field data acquisition technologies to automate project inspections either by adopting a single technology or putting a combination of different technologies together ( Alizadehsalehi and Yitmen, 2016 Asadi et al., 2021 Rasoolinejad et al., 2020). The full terms of this licence may be seen at īased on Navon and Sacks ( Navon and Sacks, 2007), the most cost-effective and efficient way to monitor construction projects’ progress and measure their performance is to automate the process.
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